(A)  Validity of Conviction When the Court Fails to Advise Defendant Concerning Immigration Consequences.  Unless state statutes provide otherwise, the court in which the conviction occurs is generally under no duty to advise the defendant as to the possibility of deportation.[345]  (Some courts mistakenly hold that a defendant has no right to withdraw a plea of guilty on the basis of a claim s/he was not informed by defense counsel of the immigration consequences of the plea.[346])  A guilty plea has the effect of admitting the entire charge.[347]

[345] George v. Black, 732 F.2d 108 (8th Cir. 1984); United States v. Santelises, 476 F.2d 787 (2d Cir. 1973); Durante v. Holton, 228 F.2d 827 (7th Cir. 1956); Matter of Espinoza, 15 I. & N. Dec. 328 (BIA 1975); Matter of Rodriguez, 14 I. & N. Dec. 706 (BIA 1974); Matter of Fortis, 14 I. & N. Dec. 576 (BIA 1974) (defendant not denied due process when not informed of immigration consequences of guilty plea).

[346] E.g., United States v. Fry, 322 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. Mar. 18, 2003) (defense counsel’s failure to advise a defendant of collateral immigration consequences of criminal conviction does not violate the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel). These cases do not undercut the argument that counsel’s mistaken advice, or affirmative misadvice, rather than a mere failure to advise, can constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.  See In re Resendiz, 25 Cal.4th 230 (2001) (citing federal authorities).   See also United States v. Sambro, 454 F.2d 918 (D.C. Cir. 1971) (withdrawal of plea held discretionary, court refused approval); Matter of Espinoza, 15 I. & N. Dec. 328 (BIA 1975).  But see N. Tooby, California Post-Conviction Relief  § § 7.15 ff. (2001).

[347] Matter of S, 9 I. & N. Dec. 688 (BIA 1962).

POST CON RELIEF - GROUNDS - VIENNA CONVENTION
Medellin v. Texas, ___ U.S. ___, 128 S.Ct. 1346 (Mar. 25, 2008) (neither an International Court of Justice case, Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mex. v. U. S.), 2004 I. C. J. 12, nor a memorandum issued by the President of the United States constitutes directly enforceable federal law that pre-empts state limitations on the filing of successive habeas petitions, affirming dismissal of a habeas petition in a death penalty case raising a claim that petitioner was not informed of his Vienna Convention right to notify the Mexican consulate of his detention).

POST CON RELIEF - GROUNDS - STATE ADVISAL STATUTES
As of March, 2008, 28 states have adopted court rules or statutes that require the court, at plea, to advise the defendant concerning possible immigration consequences. Alas.R.Crim.P. 11(c)(3)(C); Arizona Rules of Court, rule 17.2(f) (2004); Ark. Rules of Court, rule 17.2(f)(2004); Cal. Penal Code 1016.5 (West 1995); Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. 54-1j (West 1994); D.C. Code Ann. 16-713 (West 1994); Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.172(8) (West 1995); Ga. Code Ann. 17-7-93 (1997); Haw. Hawaii Stat. Ann. 802E(1), (2), (3) (West 1994); Id. Crim. Rule. 11(d)(1); Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/113-8 (2006); Iowa R. Crim. Proc. 2.8(2)(b)(2005); Me. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(5) (West 2002); Md. R. 4-242(e) (Michie 2001); Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 278, 29D (West 1994); Minn. Rule Crim. Proc. 15.01(10)(c) (2000); Mont. Code Ann. 46-12-210(1)(f) (1997); Neb. Rev. St. 29-1819.02 (West 2003); N.M. Dist. Ct. R.Cr.P. 5-303(E)(5) (1992); N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law 220.50 (7) (McKinney 2001 Cum. Supp. Pamphlet); N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1022 (a)(7) (West 1994); Ohio Rev. Code Ann. 2943.031 (West 1989); Ore. Rev. Stat. 135.385 (2)(d) (1997); R.I. Gen. Laws 12-12-22 (West 2003); Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a)(4) (West 1994); 13 S.A. 6565; Wash. Rev. Code Ann. 10.40.200 (West 1995); Wis. Stat. 971.08(1)(c), (2) (West 1994).

POST CON RELIEF - GROUNDS - STATE ADVISAL STATUTES
As of March, 2008, 28 states have adopted court rules or statutes that require the court, at plea, to advise the defendant concerning possible immigration consequences. Alas.R.Crim.P. 11(c)(3)(C); Arizona Rules of Court, rule 17.2(f) (2004); Ark. Rules of Court, rule 17.2(f)(2004); Cal. Penal Code 1016.5 (West 1995); Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. 54-1j (West 1994); D.C. Code Ann. 16-713 (West 1994); Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.172(8) (West 1995); Ga. Code Ann. 17-7-93 (1997); Haw. Hawaii Stat. Ann. 802E(1), (2), (3) (West 1994); Id. Crim. Rule. 11(d)(1); Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/113-8 (2006); Iowa R. Crim. Proc. 2.8(2)(b)(2005); Me. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(5) (West 2002); Md. R. 4-242(e) (Michie 2001); Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 278, 29D (West 1994); Minn. Rule Crim. Proc. 15.01(10)(c) (2000); Mont. Code Ann. 46-12-210(1)(f) (1997); Neb. Rev. St. 29-1819.02 (West 2003); N.M. Dist. Ct. R.Cr.P. 5-303(E)(5) (1992); N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law 220.50 (7) (McKinney 2001 Cum. Supp. Pamphlet); N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1022 (a)(7) (West 1994); Ohio Rev. Code Ann. 2943.031 (West 1989); Ore. Rev. Stat. 135.385 (2)(d) (1997); R.I. Gen. Laws 12-12-22 (West 2003); Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a)(4) (West 1994); 13 S.A. 6565; Wash. Rev. Code Ann. 10.40.200 (West 1995); Wis. Stat. 971.08(1)(c), (2) (West 1994).

Lower Courts of Eleventh Circuit

POST CON RELIEF - GROUNDS - INEFFECTIVE COUNSEL - FAILURE TO ADVISE CONCERNING FOREIGN IMMIGRATION CONSEQUENCES
United States v. Ibekwe, 891 F. Supp. 587 (M.D. Fla. 1995) (defense counsel's failure to advise defendant before plea of adverse Nigerian immigration consequences of plea did not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel).