Aggravated Felonies

(B)  State Advisal Statutes.  Some states, however, have adopted legislation requiring the court to advise the defendant of the possible immigration consequences of a guilty plea prior to its entry.  The conviction may be invalidated if the defendant did not receive the required advice.  Numerous states have enacted such statutes, including California, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.[138]  Absent legislation, the court’s failure to give such advice does not invalidate the conviction.[139]

[138] See 66 Interpreter Releases 1093 (Oct. 2, 1989); 66 Interpreter Releases 965 (Aug. 28, 1989); D. Kesselbrenner & L. Rosenberg, Immigration Law and Crimes, Appendix B.

[139] United States v. Garrett, 680 F.2d 64 (9th Cir. 1982); Steinsvik v. Vinzant, 640 F.2d 949, 956 (9th Cir. 1981); Fruchtman v. Kenton, 531 F.2d 946 (9th Cir. 1976); United States v. Santelises, 509 F.2d 703 (2d Cir. 1975).