Criminal Defense of Immigrants
Chapter
- §19.1 I. Summary for Criminal Defense Attorneys
- §19.2 II. Standards for Defining Aggravated Felonies
- §19.3 A. Elements of the Deportation Ground
- §19.4 B. Nature of the Conviction
- §19.5 1. State Criminal Case Law - Applicability
- §19.6 2. Parentheticals and "Related To" Language
- §19.7 C. Reference to Federal Law or Generic Definition
- §19.8 1. Reference to Federal Criminal Law
- §19.9 2. General or Common Law Definitions
- §19.10 D. Sentence Requirements
- §19.11 E. Conviction Jurisdiction
- §19.12 F. Foreign Conviction Date Requirement
- §19.13 G. Non-Substantive Offenses
- §19.14 1. Attempt and Conspiracy
- §19.15 2. Accessory After the Fact
- §19.16 3. Aiding and Abetting
- §19.17 4. Facilitation
- §19.18 5. Misprision of a Felony
- §19.19 6. Solicitation
- §19.20 7. Other Non-Substantive Offenses
- §19.21 H. Effective Date Analysis
- §19.22 I. Immigration vs. Sentencing Contexts
- §19.23 III. Definitions of Specific Aggravated Felony Offenses
- §19.24 A. Alien Harboring
- §19.25 B. Alien Smuggling
- §19.26 C. Alien Transporting
- §19.27 D. Attempt
- §19.28 E. Bribery - Commercial
- §19.29 F. Bribery of Witness
- §19.30 G. Burglary
- §19.31 H. Child Pornography
- §19.32 I. Conspiracy
- §19.33 J. Counterfeiting
- §19.34 K. Crimes of Violence
- §19.35 1. Statutory Definition Under 18 U.S.C. 16(a)
- §19.36 a. Element of Force
- §19.37 b. Use, Threat, or Attempt
- §19.38 c. Violent Physical Force
- §19.39 d. Against Person or Property of Another
- §19.40 e. Intent Element
- §19.41 2. Statutory Definition Under 18 U.S.C. 16(b)
- §19.42 a. Felony Conviction
- §19.43 b. By its Nature
- §19.44 c. Involves a Substantial Risk
- §19.45 d. Violent Physical Force
- §19.46 e. Against Person or Property of Another
- §19.47 f. In Commission of the Offense
- §19.48 g. Use of Force
- §19.49 h. Intent Element
- §19.50 3. Political Offense Exception
- §19.51 4. Specific Crimes
- §19.52 L. Deceit
- §19.53 M. Destructive Device Trafficking
- §19.54 N. Document Fraud
- §19.55 O. Drug Trafficking
- §19.56 1. Elements of Both Prongs
- §19.57 2. Felony Requirement
- §19.58 a. Simple Possession
- §19.59 b. Other Cases
- §19.60 3. Listed Controlled Substance
- §19.61 4. Commercial Element
- §19.62 5. Federal Offense Analogue
- §19.63 6. Other Safer Offenses
- §19.64 P. Extortion
- §19.65 Q. Failure To Appear in Court
- §19.66 1. To Face Charges
- §19.67 2. To Serve Sentence
- §19.68 R. Firearms Offenses
- §19.69 1. Firearms Trafficking
- §19.70 2. Other Firearms Offenses
- §19.71 S. Forgery
- §19.72 T. Fraud
- §19.73 1. Nature of the Offense
- §19.74 2. Loss to the Victim(s)
- §19.75 U. Illegal Re-Entry After Deportation
- §19.76 V. Kidnapping
- §19.77 W. Money Laundering
- §19.78 X. Murder
- §19.79 Y. National Security Offenses
- §19.80 Z. Obstruction of Justice
- §19.81 AA. Perjury
- §19.82 BB. Prostitution
- §19.83 CC. Rape
- §19.84 DD. Receiving Stolen Property
- §19.85 EE. Revealing Undercover Agent's Identity
- §19.86 FF. RICO Offenses
- §19.87 GG. Sexual Abuse of a Minor
- §19.88 1. Sexual Element
- §19.89 2. Abuse Element
- §19.90 3. Proof of Age
- §19.91 4. As a Crime of Violence
- §19.92 HH. Statutory Rape
- §19.93 II. Tax Evasion
- §19.94 JJ. Theft
- §19.95 KK. Vehicles With ID Numbers Removed - Trafficking
- §19.96 IV. Immigration Consequences of Aggravated Felonies
- §19.97 A. General Immigration Consequences
- §19.98 B. Eligibility for Relief
- §19.99 C. Relationship to Other Grounds of Removal
- §19.100 D. Post-Conviction Relief
§ 19.16 3. Aiding and Abetting
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An aider and abettor to a crime is punished as a principal.[143] In drafting the Immigration and Nationality Act, Congress chose explicitly to include “aiding and abetting” an offense within some grounds of removal,[144] but did not do so for others. See Appendix G, infra.
[143] See, e.g., 18 U.S.C. § 2.
[144] E.g., INA § 212(a)(2)(C)(i), 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(C)(i) (reason to believe ground of inadmissibility applies not only to illicit traffickers in a controlled substance, but also to a person who “is or has been a knowing aider, abettor, assister, conspirator or colluder with others in the illicit trafficking . . . .”) (emphasis supplied).
