Criminal Defense of Immigrants
Chapter
- §19.1 I. Summary for Criminal Defense Attorneys
- §19.2 II. Standards for Defining Aggravated Felonies
- §19.3 A. Elements of the Deportation Ground
- §19.4 B. Nature of the Conviction
- §19.5 1. State Criminal Case Law - Applicability
- §19.6 2. Parentheticals and "Related To" Language
- §19.7 C. Reference to Federal Law or Generic Definition
- §19.8 1. Reference to Federal Criminal Law
- §19.9 2. General or Common Law Definitions
- §19.10 D. Sentence Requirements
- §19.11 E. Conviction Jurisdiction
- §19.12 F. Foreign Conviction Date Requirement
- §19.13 G. Non-Substantive Offenses
- §19.14 1. Attempt and Conspiracy
- §19.15 2. Accessory After the Fact
- §19.16 3. Aiding and Abetting
- §19.17 4. Facilitation
- §19.18 5. Misprision of a Felony
- §19.19 6. Solicitation
- §19.20 7. Other Non-Substantive Offenses
- §19.21 H. Effective Date Analysis
- §19.22 I. Immigration vs. Sentencing Contexts
- §19.23 III. Definitions of Specific Aggravated Felony Offenses
- §19.24 A. Alien Harboring
- §19.25 B. Alien Smuggling
- §19.26 C. Alien Transporting
- §19.27 D. Attempt
- §19.28 E. Bribery - Commercial
- §19.29 F. Bribery of Witness
- §19.30 G. Burglary
- §19.31 H. Child Pornography
- §19.32 I. Conspiracy
- §19.33 J. Counterfeiting
- §19.34 K. Crimes of Violence
- §19.35 1. Statutory Definition Under 18 U.S.C. 16(a)
- §19.36 a. Element of Force
- §19.37 b. Use, Threat, or Attempt
- §19.38 c. Violent Physical Force
- §19.39 d. Against Person or Property of Another
- §19.40 e. Intent Element
- §19.41 2. Statutory Definition Under 18 U.S.C. 16(b)
- §19.42 a. Felony Conviction
- §19.43 b. By its Nature
- §19.44 c. Involves a Substantial Risk
- §19.45 d. Violent Physical Force
- §19.46 e. Against Person or Property of Another
- §19.47 f. In Commission of the Offense
- §19.48 g. Use of Force
- §19.49 h. Intent Element
- §19.50 3. Political Offense Exception
- §19.51 4. Specific Crimes
- §19.52 L. Deceit
- §19.53 M. Destructive Device Trafficking
- §19.54 N. Document Fraud
- §19.55 O. Drug Trafficking
- §19.56 1. Elements of Both Prongs
- §19.57 2. Felony Requirement
- §19.58 a. Simple Possession
- §19.59 b. Other Cases
- §19.60 3. Listed Controlled Substance
- §19.61 4. Commercial Element
- §19.62 5. Federal Offense Analogue
- §19.63 6. Other Safer Offenses
- §19.64 P. Extortion
- §19.65 Q. Failure To Appear in Court
- §19.66 1. To Face Charges
- §19.67 2. To Serve Sentence
- §19.68 R. Firearms Offenses
- §19.69 1. Firearms Trafficking
- §19.70 2. Other Firearms Offenses
- §19.71 S. Forgery
- §19.72 T. Fraud
- §19.73 1. Nature of the Offense
- §19.74 2. Loss to the Victim(s)
- §19.75 U. Illegal Re-Entry After Deportation
- §19.76 V. Kidnapping
- §19.77 W. Money Laundering
- §19.78 X. Murder
- §19.79 Y. National Security Offenses
- §19.80 Z. Obstruction of Justice
- §19.81 AA. Perjury
- §19.82 BB. Prostitution
- §19.83 CC. Rape
- §19.84 DD. Receiving Stolen Property
- §19.85 EE. Revealing Undercover Agent's Identity
- §19.86 FF. RICO Offenses
- §19.87 GG. Sexual Abuse of a Minor
- §19.88 1. Sexual Element
- §19.89 2. Abuse Element
- §19.90 3. Proof of Age
- §19.91 4. As a Crime of Violence
- §19.92 HH. Statutory Rape
- §19.93 II. Tax Evasion
- §19.94 JJ. Theft
- §19.95 KK. Vehicles With ID Numbers Removed - Trafficking
- §19.96 IV. Immigration Consequences of Aggravated Felonies
- §19.97 A. General Immigration Consequences
- §19.98 B. Eligibility for Relief
- §19.99 C. Relationship to Other Grounds of Removal
- §19.100 D. Post-Conviction Relief
§ 19.1 (C)
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(C) Retroactivity. The aggravated felony definition, first created in 1988, and heavily modified through the years, is expressly retroactive to all convictions. Therefore, a person may be found to have committed an aggravated felony based on conduct that occurred in 1966, even if the offense did not become an aggravated felony (or even deportable) until 1996. See § 19.21, infra. A somewhat different rule applies to foreign convictions. See § 19.12, infra.
