Criminal Defense of Immigrants



 
 

§ 16.36 B. "Related to" Language

 
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BIA

AGGRAVATED FELONY " FIREARMS OFFENSES " UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF AMMUNITION BY CONVICTED FELON " RELATING TO
Matter of Oppedisano, 26 I. & N. Dec. 202 (BIA 2013) (federal conviction of unlawful possession of ammunition by a convicted felon, in violation of 18 U.S.C. 922(g), is an aggravated felony for immigration purposes; the relating to language used in the Act is does not limit the scope of the statute). http://www.justice.gov/eoir/vll/intdec/vol26/3793.pdf

AGGRAVATED FELONY - DRUG TRAFFICKING - USE OF A COMMUNICATION FACILITY
United States v. Jimenez, ___ F.3d ___, 2008 WL 2813046 (9th Cir. Jul. 23, 2008) (federal conviction for unlawful use of a communication facility, in violation of 21 U.S.C. 843(b), qualifies as "drug trafficking offenses" under USSG 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(i)), following United States v. Orihuela, 320 F.3d 1302, 1305 (11th Cir. 2003).

Seventh Circuit

STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION - DESCRIBED IN
Negrete-Rodriguez v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 497 (7th Cir. Mar. 3, 2008) ("Negrete is arguing that defined in and described in are synonymous. We reject this argument, primarily because it renders the distinction between the terms described in and defined in meaningless. See United States v. Michalek, 54 F.3d 325, 335-36 (7th Cir. 1995). Also, it does not follow that, because Congress has defined some crimes in general terms, it had to define all crimes in general terms in order for the offense's state law counterpart to be included within the definition of an aggravated felony. Indeed, many firearms offenses are not susceptible to being easily described in general terms, see, e.g., 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(4) (offense of possession of a firearm or ammunition by someone who has been adjudicated as a mental defective or who has been committed to a mental institution); while others are dependent on other provisions in a statutory scheme. See, e.g., 18 U.S.C. 922(o) (making it unlawful for a person to possess a "machinegun," where that term is defined elsewhere in the National Firearms Act). Congress could therefore rationally have decided to describe those offenses by reference to the statutory provision where they were located rather than conjuring up an awkward general descriptor, or having to recopy several parts of a statutory scheme.").

Ninth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - DRUG TRAFFICKING - USE OF A COMMUNICATION FACILITY
United States v. Jimenez, ___ F.3d ___, 2008 WL 2813046 (9th Cir. Jul. 23, 2008) (federal conviction for unlawful use of a communication facility, in violation of 21 U.S.C. 843(b), qualifies as "drug trafficking offenses" under USSG 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(i)), following United States v. Orihuela, 320 F.3d 1302, 1305 (11th Cir. 2003).
NATURE OF CONVICTION - "RELATING TO"
United States v. Sinerius, __ F.3d __, 2007 WL 2728760 (9th Cir. Sept. 20, 2007) ("The phrase relating to, as defined by the Supreme Court, means to stand in some relation to; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; refer; to bring into association with or connection with. Morales v. Trans World Airlines, 504 U.S. 374, 383, 112 S.Ct. 2031, 119 L.Ed.2d 157 (1992) (quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1128 (5th ed.1979)) (construing relating to in a different statutory context). We have construed relating to language broadly in the past, see Luu-Le v. INS, 224 F.3d 911, 915-16 (interpreting the phrase relating to a controlled substance in section 241(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act), and the Fifth, Eighth, and Tenth Circuits have done the same when interpreting this provision and the materially indistinguishable text of 2252, see Hubbard, 480 F.3d at 347 (We must assume that Congress chose the words relating to [in 2252A(b)(1) ] for a purpose.); United States v. Weis, 487 F.3d 1148, 1152 (8th Cir.2007) (construing relating to broadly in 2252); United States v. McCutchen, 419 F.3d 1122, 1127 (10th Cir.2005) (same).").

 

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