Criminal Defense of Immigrants

Chapter

§16.1 I. Summary for Criminal Defense Attorneys
§16.2 II. Basic Analysis of Whether a Conviction Will Trigger a Ground of Removal
§16.3 III. Categorical Analysis
§16.4 A. Essential Elements of the Offense
§16.5 1. Statutory Elements
§16.6 2. Elements As Defined by Judicial Decisions
§16.7 3. Resisting Exceptions to Categorical Analysis
§16.8 B. Minimum Conduct Necessary to Violate the Statute
§16.9 IV. Divisible Statutes
§16.10 A. Divisibility Analysis - When Does It Apply?
§16.11 1. Discrete Subsections
§16.12 2. Disjunctive Statutes
§16.13 3. Target Offenses
§16.14 B. Divisibility Analysis - When It Does Not Apply
§16.15 V. Record of Conviction
§16.16 A. Existence vs. Nature of Conviction
§16.17 B. Limitation to Record of Conviction
§16.18 C. Elements vs. Facts
§16.19 1. Rationale for Ignoring the Facts
§16.20 2. Application
§16.21 3. Foreign Offenses
§16.22 D. Documents Included
§16.23 1. Charging Papers
§16.24 2. Factual Basis and Admissions
§16.25 3. Judgment
§16.26 4. Jury Verdict
§16.27 5. Plea and Plea Agreement
§16.28 6. Other Documents Included
§16.29 E. Documents Excluded
§16.30 1. Dismissed Counts
§16.31 2. Police Reports
§16.32 3. Probation and Presentence Reports
§16.33 4. Other Documents Excluded
§16.34 VI. General Considerations
§16.35 A. Effects of State Law
§16.36 B. "Related to" Language
§16.37 C. Parentheticals
§16.38 D. All Reasonable Doubts Favor the Noncitizen

§ 16.33 (I)

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(I) Recidivist Sentence Enhancements. Whether a sentence imposed on account of a sentence enhancement is considered as forming part of the sentence for the conviction of the offense itself is discussed in § § 10.57-10.58, infra.