Although juvenile findings and dispositions do not trigger adverse immigration consequences, some immigration consequences flow from the fact that the immigrant committed certain acts.  In general, minors suffer these misconduct-based disabilities just as fully as adult immigrants with some specific exceptions discussed below.  See § § 12.30-12.33, infra.

Lower Courts of Ninth Circuit

JUVENILE - ALIEN SMUGGLING
In re Jose C., 155 Cal.App.4th 1115 (Oct. 1, 2007) (the California courts properly had jurisdiction under Welfare and Institutions Code 602, to place a 16 year-old juvenile under its wardship upon finding true that the juvenile had committed the federal offense of bringing aliens into the United States, in violation of 8 U.S.C. 1324(a)(2)(B)(iii), since California Welfare & Institutions Code 602 grants jurisdiction over a person under age 18 "when he or she violates any law of this state or of the United States or any ordinance of any city or county of this state defining crime ....").