(D)  Dispositions Under State Procedures Analogous to the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act.  Dispositions under state procedures that are similar in nature and purpose to the FJDA, for example, New York State Youthful Offender dispositions, are not considered convictions for immigration purposes.  See § 12.13, infra.

Sixth Circuit

JUVENILES " CONVICTION " EXISTENCE OF CONVICTION
Hanna v. Holder, 740 F.3d 379 (6th Cir. Jan. 17, 2014) (adjudication under Michigan's Holmes Youthful Trainee Act (YTA), Mich. Comp. Laws 762.11"16, is a conviction under the INA, since it is more similar to a deferred adjudication for youthful offenders than a true finding of juvenile delinquency); following Uritsky v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 728, 735 (6th Cir. 2005) (YTA adjudications are convictions under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(48)(A), because they are not analogous to determinations of juvenile delinquency under the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act (FJDA), 18 U.S.C. 5031"42).

Other

BIBLIOGRAPHY " JUVENILE " COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCES OF CALIFORNIA JUVENILE DELINQUENCY CASES
Pacific Juvenile Defender Center, Everything You Need to Know About Adverse Results of a Juvenile Arrest, Prosecution, or Adjudication in California Collateral Consequences of Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings in California: A Handbook for Juvenile Law Practitioners (2012).