Safe Havens
§ 9.11 (C)
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(C) State Offenses. State laws frequently have parallel criminal offenses. For example, in California, it is illegal to dispose of hazardous waste without a permit. This is a general offense, applying to anyone who does so in violation of law. This is a safe haven, and does not trigger any ground of deportation. (A similar offense that has as an element a relationship with the manufacture of controlled substances would not be a complete safe haven, since it might be considered a conviction of an offense relating to a controlled substance, and thus trigger deportation under this ground. See § 9.11(G), infra.)[116]
[116] INA § 237(a)(2)(B)(i), 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i).
