Tooby's California Post-Conviction Relief for Immigrants
- §7.1 I. Geography of the Field
- §7.2 II. Violations of the Right to Counsel
- §7.3 A. Denial of Counsel
- §7.4 1. Representation by Non-Counsel
- §7.5 2. Invalid Waiver of Right to Counsel
- §7.6 3. Refusal to Allow Self-Representation
- §7.7 B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
- §7.8 1. Generally -- Deficient Performance and Prejudice
- §7.9 2. Failure to Conduct Competent Investigation of the Facts
- §7.10 3. Failure to Research the Law
- §7.11 4. Failure to Advise the Defendant of the Elements and Defenses
- §7.12 5. Failure to Advise the Defendant of Constitutional Rights at Plea
- §7.13 6. Failure to Assist the Defendant to Withdraw the Plea
- §7.14 7. Failure to Consult the Defendant about an Appeal
- §7.15 8. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel on Appeal
- §7.16 C. Failure to Defend Against the Immigration Consequences of the Plea
- §7.17 1. Deficient Performance
- §7.18 2. Affirmative Misadvice
- §7.19 3. Failure to Advise
- §7.20 4. Failure to Defend Against Conviction and Sentence
- §7.21 a. Failure to Seek out an Immigration-safe Alternative Disposition
- §7.22 b. Failure to Seek Out an Immigration-safe Alternative Sentence
- §7.23 5. Failure to Investigate Mitigating Facts
- §7.24 a. Basic Approach
- §7.25 b. Sample Argument
- §7.26 6. Failure to Investigate the Immigration Consequences of Trial
- §7.27 7. Prejudice
- §7.28 D. Conflict of Interest
- §7.29 1. Multiple Representation of Conflicting Interests
- §7.30 2. Conflict of Interest in Failing to Raise Counsel's Own Ineffectiveness
- §7.31 3. Conflict Between Defendant and Counsel
- §7.32 III. Invalid Guilty Pleas
- §7.33 A. Ineffective Waiver of Jury Trial
- §7.34 1. The Failure to Explain the Nature of the Right to a Jury Trial
- §7.35 2. Involuntary Waiver of the Right to a Jury Trial
- §7.36 B. Ineffective Waiver of Right to Remain Silent
- §7.37 C. Ineffective Waiver of Confrontation
- §7.38 D. Failure to Establish Factual Basis
- §7.39 E. Failure to Inform Defendant of the Nature of the Offense
- §7.40 F. Failure to Inform Defendant of Consequences of Plea
- §7.41 G. Breach of Plea Bargain
- §7.42 H. Promissory Estoppel
- §7.43 I. Failure to Disclose Plea Agreement on the Record
- §7.44 J. Coercion to Enter Plea
- §7.45 K. Failure to Establish Mental Competence to Enter Plea
- §7.46 L. Failure to Advise the Noncitizen Defendant of the Right to Contact the Consulate
- §7.47 IV. Violations of the Right to an Interpreter
- §7.48 A. The Right to an Interpreter in Criminal Proceedings
- §7.49 B. Violations of the Right to an Interpreter
- §7.50 C. Grounds for Invalidating Conviction for Violation of the Right to an Interpreter
- §7.51 V. Other Grounds For Vacating Guilty Pleas
- §7.52 A. Jurisdictional Defects
- §7.53 B. Newly Discovered Evidence
- §7.54 C. Prosecution Withholding of Exculpatory Evidence
§ 7.2 II. Violations of the Right to Counsel
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