Tooby's California Post-Conviction Relief for Immigrants

Chapter

Summary Table of Contents

For more text, click "Next Page>"

Subject Matter Index

Index References are to section numbers in text

ABA Standards For Criminal Justice 7.9

Admissibility 8.12

See Inadmissibility

Petty Offense Exception 8.12, 9.13(B)(1)

Adjustment Of Status

Misdemeanor 8.16

Petty Offense Exception 9.13(B)(5)

Advice For Client 4.22

Counsel's Role 4.22(D)

Criminal Process 4.22(E)

Illegal Reentry Exposure 4.22(B)

Immigration Consequences 4.22(G)

Immigration Process 4.22(F)

Remain Silent 4.22(A)

Travel Advisory 4.22(C)

AEDPA Statute Of Limitations 6.26

Aggravated Felonies

Crime Of Violence Felony Requirement Under 18 U.S.C. § 16(b) 9.6

Deportation Excused by JRAD 10.31

One Year Sentence Imposed 8.7

List Of Crimes Affected 8.8

American Indians

Born In Canada 4.19

Amnesty

Disqualification For Felony 9.7(C)(1)

Disqualification For Three Misdemeanors 9.8(B)

Appeal From Conviction Or Sentence 6.16

Finality, Effect On 6.20

Late Notice Of Appeal 6.21

Negotiating A Better Result see Negotiation 6.23

Waiver Of Appeal, Attacking 6.22

Asylum see Political Asylum

Attorney-Client Privilege 4.51

Waiver 6.39

Attorney Discipline For Errors 4.54(A)

Attorney Work Product Privilege 4.51

Benefit Of The Doubt see Rule Of Lenity

11.8-11.9

Bias

Against Immigrants 4.4, 11.2-11.10

Defeating 11.3

Discretion, Race As Factor 11.3

National Origin, Constitutional Protection 11.3

California Youth Authority

Commitment Not Sentence To Confinement 8.5

Cancellation Of Removal

For Lawful Permanent Residents 8.12, 9.13(B)(2)

For Non-Lawful Permanent Residents 8.12, 9.13(B)(3)

Good Moral Character 8.20

Changes in the Law 5.11

Child Citizenship Act Of 2000 4.17

Chronology 4.2(B), 5.5

Circuit Law

Ninth Circuit 10.19

Other Circuits 10.20

Citizenship

Acquired Citizenship 4.15

Bibliography 4.13(C)

Birth Abroad 4.15

Birth in U.S. 4.14

Denaturalization 4.20

Derivative Citizenship 4.17

Nationals Of the U.S. 4.18

Naturalization 4.16

Good Moral Character 8.20

Citizenship (cont’d)

Naturalization (cont’d)

Petty Offense Exception 8.12, 9.13(B)(6)

Probation or Parole Bar 8.21

Screening For 4.13

Ways To Obtain 4.13(B)

Client Interview

Advice see Advice For Client

Basic Goals 4.9

Basic Immigration Status Questionnaire 4.12, App. A

Questions 4.12

U.S. Citizenship, Screening For 4.13

Verification Of Answers 4.13(A)

Codefendants

Admissibility Of Statements Of 3.15

Collateral Attack

On Conviction in Immigration Court 6.13

On Vacatur in Immigration Court 6.11(4), 6.13

Collateral Consequences

Immigration Consequences 6.38

Sufficient To Avoid Mootness 6.38

Comity 6.11(2)

Confessions

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(2)

Confinement

Immigration Consequences Of 8.18

Consulate 4.58(C), 4.63(E)

Continuance see Removal Proceedings

See also Dismissals, Grounds For

Controlled Substances

Federal First Offender Act see Federal First Offender Act

See also State Rehabilitative Relief

JRAD Does Not Eliminate Conviction 10.31

Marijuana Arrest Record Destruction 10.73

Offenses Qualifying For FFOA 10.4, 10.16

Qualifying State Offenses 10.4, 10.16

Conviction

Deferred Entry Of Judgment 12.16, 12.17

Drug Diversion Programs 12.16

Existence Of

Burden Of Proof 6.13

Final Conviction, Avoidance Of 10.27

Finality Of 4.3, 6.16, 6.21

Grounds To Vacate

See Individual Grounds

Counsel, Denial Of 7.3

Representation by Non-Counsel 7.4

Self-Representation, Failure To Allow 7.6

Waiver, Invalid 7.5

Infraction As 9.32(A)

JRAD, Effect Of 10.32(C)

Nature Of

Categorical Analysis 2.7(E)

Divisible Statute Analysis

Fact Specific Requirements 2.7(E)(4)

Checklist 2.7(E)(4)

Finality Of 4.3, 6.16, 6.21

Minimum Conduct Analysis 2.7(E)(2)

Proposition 36 12.20

Dismissal 12.16

Record Of Conviction

Judgment As Part Of 8.22

Sentence Requirement 8.22

Statutory Definition Of 8.25

Coram Nobis 6.41

California 6.41(A)

Appellate Review 6.43

Grounds 6.41

Procedural Requirements 6.42

Time Limit 3.30

Federal Coram Nobis 6.41(B)

Custody Bar 6.41(B)

Procedure 6.42

Time Limit 3.26

Counsel

Appointment Of On Writ 11.11

Choice Of Counsel 7.3

Conflict Of Interest 7.29-7.31

Between Defendant and Counsel 7.31

Failure To Raise Own Ineffectiveness 7.30

Multiple Representation 7.29

Critical Stage 7.3

Denial Of 7.3

Ineffective Assistance see Ineffective Assistance

Invalid Waiver Of 7.3, 7.5

Lack Of License 7.4

Non-Counsel 7.4

Right To 7.3

Self-Representation 7.3, 7.6

On Appeal 7.3

Warning Of Dangers Of Self Representation 7.5(B)

Sufficiency Of Warning 7.5(C)

Waiver Of, Validity 7.3, 7.5

Credit For Time Served 12.8

Crime

Infractions As 9.32(A)

Crime Of Moral Turpitude

Ground Of Deportation

Excused by JRAD 10.31(A)

Reduction Of Offense Level 9.14

Two Convictions, Effect Of JRAD 10.31(B)

Criminal History Reports

California Reports

Correction Of 12.5

FBI Reports

Correction Of 12.4

Cultural Issues 4.7(D), 4.10

American Indian Culture 4.59(C)(1)

Bibliography 4.59(E), (F)

Child Care and Abuse 4.59(B)(1)

Chinese Culture 4.59(C)(2)

Defenses 4.59

Domestic Violence 4.59(B)(2)

Cultural Issues (cont’d)

Dress 4.59(B)(7)

Experts 4.57(C), 4.58

Family Structure 4.59(B)(3)

Hmong Culture 4.59(C)(3)

Honor 4.59(B)(4)

Intoxication 4.59(B)(5)

Investigation 4.29, 4.57

Marital Habits 4.59(B)(6)

Mexican Culture 4.59(C)(4)

Mitigation Of Sentence 4.60(A)

Muslim Culture 4.59(C)(5)

Russian Culture 4.59(C)(6)

Sentencing Guidelines 4.60(B), (C)

Vietnamese Culture 4.59(C)(7)

Deferred Entry Of Judgment 10.71, 12.12(B), 12.13

Demurrer, Grounds Of 6.69(1)

Deportation

Burden Of Proof 2.2(C)

Categorical Analysis 2.7(E)

Fact Specific Requirements 2.7(E)(4)

Checklist 2.7(E)(4)

Grounds, Overview 2.2

Conduct Based 2.7(E)(3)

Conviction Based 2.7(E)(1)

Modified Categorical Analysis

Detainers, Immigration 11.16

Detention see also Removal Proceedings

Automatic Stay 11.18(A)

Bond

Immigration 11.17

Constitutionality 11.20

Immigration Detention 2.5, 11.16

Immigration Hold 11.16

Mandatory Detention 11.18-11.20

Discretionary Decisions

See also Relief In Immigration Court

Dismissal In Interests Of Justice

Discretionary Decisions (cont’d)

Relief In Immigration Court

Dismissal In Interests Of Justice (cont’d)

Discretion

Prosecutorial 11.6

Discretionary Decision 6.65

JRAD Effect On Conviction For 10.32(D)

Discrimination

Against Immigrants For National Origin 11.3

Dismissals In Interest Of Justice 6.58, 12.25

Abuse Of Discretion 6.70

Failure To Exercise Discretion 6.70(B)

Appellate Review 6.76

Bar To Refiling 6.75

Burden Of Proof Of Vacatur 6.66(B)

Conviction, Dismissal Of 6.60

Criminal Effect Of 6.58(D)

Demurrer, Grounds Of 6.69(1)

Grounds For 6.64

Adequacy Of Civil Remedy 6.69(10)

Appeal, Invitation To 6.69(12)

Continuance

Lack Of Good Cause For 6.69(15)

Court Congestion 6.69(14)

Discretionary Decision 6.65

Due Process 6.69(7)

Enable Defendant To Enter Navy 6.69(13)

Equitable Grounds 6.67

Illegally Obtained Evidence 6.69(3)

Improbability Of Conviction 6.69(4)

Improper Grounds Listed 6.69

Improper Quashing Of Prosecution Subpoena 6.69(6)

Dismissals In Interest Of Justice (cont’d)

Court Congestion (cont’d)

Interests Of Justice 6.65

Legal Invalidity 6.66

Plea Bargain, To Force 6.69(16)

Plea To Another Charge 6.69(8)

Proper Grounds Listed 6.68

Prosecution Suppression Of Evidence 6.69(7)

Refiling Charges After Lenient Sentence 6.69(9)

In Rehabilitation 6.69(5)

Immigration Effect Of 6.59, 6.60

Interests Of Justice 6.65

Language From Charge 6.63

Limitations On Power To Dismiss 6.58(C)

Moving Party 6.72

Procedural Requirements 6.71

Who May Move 6.72

Probation Ineligibility Allegations 6.58(C)

Reasons 6.58(B)

Ambiguous Orders 6.66(B)

Sentence 6.62

Immigration Effect 6.62

Sentence Enhancement 6.61

Immigration Effect 6.61

Statement Of Reasons 6.74

Timing Of 6.73

Stage Of Criminal Case 6.73(A)

Diversion Programs 12.12, 12.13

See State Rehabilitative Relief, Deferred Entry Of Judgment, Proposition 36

Child Abuse Diversion 12.24

Domestic Violence Diversion 12.22

Drug Diversion 12.15

Mentally Retarded Defendants 12.238

Misdemeanor Diversion 12.14

Due Process 6.46

Breach Of Plea Bargain 7.41

Removal Hearing 11.26

Due Process (cont’d)

Sentencing Hearing 8.41

Equities

Checklist 3.5, 4.23

Evaluation Of Post-Conviction Case Chp.3

Addiction 3.4

Adverse Criminal Consequences 3.18, 5.19

Adverse Immigration Consequences 3.19, 5.20

Alcoholism 3.4

Checklist Of Factors App. C

Custody Status 3.6

Equities 3.5

Factors To Consider App. C

Foreign Investigations 4.63

Illegal Reentry Exposure 3.8

Intake Forms App. A, App. B

Lawful Presence 3.9

Sobriety 3.4

Timing Of Case, see Timing Of Case

Torture Risk If Deported 4.61

Triage Guide 3.2

Warrants Outstanding 3.7

Evidence

See Attorney-Client Privilege

See Attorney Work Product Privilege

Direct Examination

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(3)

Obtaining After Deportation 11.31

Exclusion see Inadmissibility

Executive Pardon see Pardon

Ex Post Facto Clauses 5.11

No-Plea Drug Diversion 12.18

Expungements see State Rehabilitative Relief

Family Unity Program

Disqualification For Felony 9.7(C)(1)

Family Unity Program (cont’d)

Disqualification For Two Misdemeanors 9.8(B)

Federal First Offender Act 10.4

Eligibility 10.5

Foreign Prior Conviction 10.7

Multiple Qualifying Offenses 10.12

Non-Probation Sentences 10.11

Prior Drug Conviction 10.6

Prior Drug Diversion 10.8, 10.10

Prior First Offender Treatment 10.8, 10.13

Probation Violations 10.9

Expungement In Process Not Yet Granted 10.14

Immigration Effect 10.4

Conviction, Elimination Of 10.4

Expungement In Process Not Yet Granted 10.14

Legal Effect 10.18

Ninth Circuit, Limitation To 10.19

Procedure 10.17

Qualifying Offenses 10.16

Travel Warning 10.19

Federalism 6.11(2)

Federal Youth Corrections Act 10.72

Felony

Alternative Felony-Misdemeanor 9.10-9.11

Federal Criminal Definition 9.2(B)

Immigration Definition 9.2(A), 9.4(A)

Immigration Effects Of 9.4, 9.7

Crimes Of Violence Under 16(b) 9.6

Petty Offense Exception 9.5

Non-Reducible Felony 9.10

Reduction Of

Immigration Effect 9.2

FFOA see Federal First Offender Act

Firearms Convictions

JRAD Ineffective 10.31(A)

Good Moral Character 8.12

Checklist Of Where Required 8.20

Petty Offense Exception 8.12, 9.13(B)(4)

Statutory Bar

180 Day Actual Confinement 8.19

Green Card see Lawful Permanent Residence

Grounds To Vacate Conviction

Counsel, Right To see Counsel, Right To

Ineffective Assistance see Ineffective Assistance

Grounds To Vacate Sentence 8.38

Counsel, Right To At Sentence 8.43

Ineffective Assistance 8.44

Failure To Correct Errors 8.44(C)

Failure To Defend Against Immigration Consequences 8.45

Failure To Investigate Mitigating Facts 8.44(A)

Failure To Seek JRAD 8.51

Failure To Try To Lower Sentence 8.44(B)

Due Process Rights At Hearing 8.41

Allocution 8.41(J)

Court's Awareness Of Discretion 8.41(B)

False Information 8.41(E)

Hearsay 8.41(F)

Improper Considerations 8.41(G)

Jury Determination 8.41(A)

Notice And Opportunity To Be Heard 8.41(D)

Presence Of Defendant 8.41(C)

Prosecution Misconduct In Argument 8.41(I)

Victim Impact Evidence 8.41(H)

Grounds To Vacate Sentence (cont’d)

Ex Post Facto Violations 8.40(C)

Ineffective Assistance see Ineffective Assistance

Jurisdictional Defects 8.39

Substantive Constitutional Guarantees 8.40

Breach Of Plea Agreement 8.40(F)

Cruel Or Unusual Punishment 8.40(A)

Vague Sentencing Statute 8.40(B)

Vindictive Sentencing 8.40(D)

Withholding Exculpatory Evidence 8.40(E)

Guilty Plea

Breach Of Plea Bargain 7.41

Promissory Estoppel 7.42

Coercion Of Plea 7.44

From Codefendants 7.44(B)

Judicial Coercion 7.44(C)

Confrontation

Ineffective Waiver 7.37

Consequences Of Plea

Failure To Inform 7.40

Consulate, Failure To Advise Of Right To Contact 7.46

Elements, Failure To State All 7.39

Factual Basis

Failure To Establish 7.38

Failure To Advise Of Right To Contact Consulate 7.46

Grounds To Vacate 7.32

Interpreter, Right To 7.47, 11.12

Bias 7.50

Federal Law 7.48

Ethics 7.50

Involuntary Waiver 7.32

Jurisdictional Defects 7.52

Jury Trial 7.33-7.35

Jury Waiver 7.33-7.35

Failure To Explain Nature Of Right 7.34

Involuntary Waiver 7.35

Guilty Plea (cont’d)

Mental Competence 7.45

Substantive Incompetence 7.45

Due Process Right To Hearing 7.45

Nature Of Offense

Failure To Inform 7.39

Newly Discovered Evidence 7.53

Plea Agreement

Failure To Disclose On Record 7.43

Promissory Estoppel 7.42

Right To Remain Silent

Involuntary Waiver 7.36

Prosecution Withholding Of Exculpatory Evidence 7.54

Slow Plea 7.32

Habeas Corpus 6.24, 6.33

Ad Testificandum 11.28(3)

AEDPA Statute Of Limitations Worksheet App. D

Appellate Review 6.39, 6.40

California 6.33

Custody 6.34

Immigration Custody 6.36

Immigration Detention As

6.36

Registration Requirements 6.35

Time Limits 3.29

Federal Habeas 6.26

Attack On Federal Conviction 6.32

Attack On State Conviction 3.27

Equitable Tolling 6.31

Exhaustion 6.26

Proper Respondent 6.26

Statute Of Limitations 3.24, 6.26, 6.28 ff.

Statutory Tolling 6.30

Timely Filed 6.27

Federal Habeas (cont’d)

Judges, Assignment Of 6.39

Mootness 6.38

Procedure 6.39

Successive Petitions 6.25

Time Limits 3.24

Venue 6.39

Illegal Reentry

Criminal Defense 11.26

Elements 11.25

Exposure 3.8, 11.24

Ineffective Assistance At Removal Hearing 11.26

Immigration Counsel

Consultation 4.44-4.46

Finding 11.34

Immigration Hold see Detention

Immigration Law Chapter 2

Amnesty Applicants

Bias, see Bias Against Immigrants

Immigration Status Determining 4.21

Removal Procedure 2.5

Substantive Law 2.1

Immigration Status 2.1, 4.21(A)

Inadmissibility 2.3

Categorical Analysis 2.7(E)

Crime Of Moral Turpitude

Effect Of JRAD 10.32(A)

Fact Specific Requirements 2.7(E)(4)

Checklist 2.7(E)(4)

Grounds 2.3

Conduct Based 2.7(E)(3)

Conviction Based 2.7(E)(1)

JRAD Avoids CMT Exclusion 10.32(A)

Multiple Conviction Ground

Five-Year Aggregate Sentence 8.6(C), 8.13

Relief From 2.4

Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel 7.7

ABA Standards For Criminal Justice 7.9

Appeal, Duty To Consult Concerning 7.14

Appellate Counsel 7.15

Affirmative Misadvice 7.18

Of Immigration Consequences 7.18(A)

Proper Advice 7.18(B)

Changes in Law, Duty To Anticipate 7.10

Conflict Of Interest 7.29-7.31

Adverse Effect On Performance 7.29(B)

Between Client And Former Counsel 4.50, 7.31

Failure To Raise Own Ineffectiveness 7.30

Multiple Representation 3.15, 7.29

Court's Duty To Inquire 7.29(C)

Deficient Performance 7.8(A), 7.17

Expert, Failure To Obtain 7.9

Failure To Advise Defendant

Appeal, Concerning 7.14

Constitutional Rights 7.12

Defenses 7.11

Elements 7.11

Federal Test 7.19(D)

Immigration Consequences 7.19

Failure To Assist Defendant Withdraw Plea 7.13

Failure To Consult About Appeal 7.14

Failure To Defend

Against Criminal Consequences 7.24

Against Immigration Consequences 7.16, 7.21-7.22

Against Penal Consequences

7.20-7.22

Failure To Investigate

Facts Of Case 7.9

Immigration Consequences Of

Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel (cont’d)

Failure To Investigate (cont’d)

Trial 7.26

Failure To Research Law 7.10

Failure To Seek JRAD 10.40

Invalidity Of Plea 7.7

Law In Effect At Act Or Omission 7.10

Prejudice 7.8, 7.27

Federal Test 7.27(C)

Proof Of 7.27(B)

Remedy 7.8(C), 10.40

Infraction 8.16

Convictions, Do Not Qualify As 9.32(A)

Expungements Inapplicable 9.30

Immigration Effects 9.32

Motions To Reduce Misdemeanors To see Motions

Immigration Consequences

Importance To Client 4.24

Interpreter 11.12

Investigation 4.28

Right To An Interpreter In Criminal

Proceedings 7.48

How To Determine Possible Violation 7.49

Selection 11.13

Use Of 11.14

Interview see Client Interview

Investigation

Amnesty Recipients 4.33

Basic Immigration Status Questionnaire 4.12

Basic Tasks 4.2(A)

Client Interview, First 4.5, 4.11

Advice For Client 4.22

Criminal Case Interview 4.26

Goals 4.9

Topics 4.11

Criminal Case Records 4.40

Criminal History 4.27

California Reports 4.37

Investigation (cont’d)

Criminal History (contd)

DMV Printouts 4.38

Errors, Correction 4.39

FBI Reports 4.36

Corroboration Of Client 4.56

Cultural Issues 4.10, 4.29, 4.57-4.60

Destruction Of Court Files 4.41

FOIA Request 4.32

Foreign 4.63

Consular Assistance 4.63(E)

Deportation Of Foreign Witnesses 4.63(C)

Foreign Depositions 4.63(D)

Paroling Foreign Witnesses Into U.S. 4.63(B)

Subpoenas For Foreign Witnesses 4.63(A)

Former Defense Counsel

Interview 4.52

Immigration History 4.31

Language Issues 4.8

Medical Information 4.30

Overview 4.1(B)

Prior Convictions 4.28

Prompt 4.1(A)

J/K

JRAD see Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation

Judge

Criminal

Disqualification Of 12.9

Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation 10.38

Counsel Failure To Seek JRAD 10.42

Collateral Attack On JRAD 10.52

Combination Of Convictions 10.31(B)

Definition 10.1(A)(2)

Discretionary Relief,

Consideration Of Conviction

For 10.32

Exclusion 10.32

Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation (cont’d)

Ex Post Facto Argument 10.43

Failure To Seek JRAD 8.51

Foreign JRAD 10.42

Government Attacks On JRAD 10.52

Immigration Effects 10.30 – 10.34

Aggravated Felonies 10.31

Crimes Of Moral Turpitude 10.31

Conviction, As Bar Relief 10.32

Deportation Grounds Excused 10.31

Ineffective Assistance In Failing To Seek 10.38

Ground To Vacate Sentence 10.39

Procedure 10.35

Notice To Immigration Authorities 10.36

Remedy 10.40

Requirements 10.35

Retroactivity Of Repeal 10.34, 10.41, 10.43

Timing 10.37

Jury

Selection

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(4)

Waiver

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(7)

Lawful Permanent Resident 4.21(A)(1)

Petty Offense Exception 8.12

Lawful Presence 3.9

Legalization

Disqualification For Felony 9.7(C)(1)

Disqualification For Three Misdemeanors 9.8(B)

Level Of Offense, Reduction Of Chapter 9

Immigration Effect Of 9.2, 9.2(C)

Malpractice Liability 4.54(B)

Mandatory Detention 2.6(B)

Arriving Aliens 2.6(C)

Crime Of Moral Turpitude

One Year Sentence Imposed 8.6(D), 8.14

Petty Offense Exception 8.12

Marijuana Arrest Record Destruction 10.73

Immigration Effect 10.74

Requirements 10.75

Misdemeanor Convictions

Adjustment Of Status Definition 8.16

Attacking 6.57

California Definition 8.16

Definition Of, Under Federal Law 9.31

Immigration Definition 9.4(B), 9.8(A)

Immigration Effects Of 9.8(B)

Motion For New Trial 6.46

Motion To Reduce Felony To Misdemeanor 9.16, 9.30

Appellate Review 9.27

California Youth Authority

Honorable Discharge From 9.29

Criminal Effects 9.28

California Criminal Law 9.28(A)

Federal Sentences 9.28(B)

Grounds 9.17, 9.22

Immigration Consequences 9.2, 9.29, 9.30

Procedure 9.23

Reducible Offenses 9.18

Requirements 9.17, 9.18

Sentence Required 9.19-9.21

Standard For Granting 9.22

Timing Of Motion 9.24

After Expungement 9.26

Probation, After Termination Of 9.25

Motion To Reduce Misdemeanor To Infraction 9.30, 9.34

Criminal Benefits 9.33

Immigration Effects 9.32

Motion To Reopen Removal Proceedings 6.9

Motion To Suppress Evidence

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(1)

Motion To Vacate

Immigration Advisal

Time Limit 3.31

Nonstatutory Motion 6.44, 6.45

Appellate Review 6.48

Bypass Of Direct Appeal 6.48

Coram Nobis Compared 6.45

Immigration Consequences 6.8

Inherent Authority 6.46

New Trial 6.44

No Custody Requirement 6.37

Time Limit 3.29

Procedure 6.47, 6.52

Cross-Examination 6.47(B), 6.54

Declarations 6.47(A), 6.53

Evidence

Admissibility Of Declaration 6.54

Exclusion Of Evidence For Lack Of Cross-Examination 6.47(C)

Testimony 6.47(A), 6.53

Statutory Motion Under Penal Code § 1016.5 6.49

Adverse Immigration Consequences, Proof Of 6.49(H)

Appellate Review 6.49(K)

Burden Of Proof 6.49(G), 6.49(L)

Citizenship, Proof Of 6.56

Continuance, Right To 6.49(M)

Coram Nobis 6.50

Grounds 6.49(B), (D)

Improper Advisement 6.49(B)

Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel 6.49(D)

Inquiry Whether Defendant Understood 6.49(J)

Motion To Vacate 6.50

Motion To Vacate (cont’d)

Statutory Motion Under Penal Code § 1016.5 (cont’d)

Prejudice 6.49(I)

Proof Of Error 6.49(F)

Requirements 6.49(A)

Timeliness Of Motion 6.51

Timing Of Advisement 6.49(C)

Waiver Form, Sufficiency 6.49(E)

Motion To Withdraw Plea 6.15

National Origin

Bias Against Immigrants For 11.3

Naturalization see Citizenship

Negotiation

Script 11.7

To Obtain Post-Conviction Relief 11.4

Ninth Circuit, Limitation To 10.19

Non-Immigrant Visa Holders 4.21(A)(2)

Nunc Pro Tunc Relief 10.40

Pardon 10.1(A)(3), 10.45-10.51, 10.76

California Pardon 10.51

Effectiveness Of

As To Specific Offense 10.49(E)

Executive Pardon 10.49(A)

Existence Of 10.49(B)

Foreign Pardon 10.50

Immigration Effects 10.46

Deportability 10.46(A)

Qualifying Grounds 10.47

Inadmissibility 10.46(B)

Sentence, Immigration Effects Of 10.48(4)

Judicial Pardon 10.49(D)

Legislative Pardon 10.49(C)

Presidential Pardon

Immigration Effects 10.46(D)

Procedural Rules 10.46(C)

Requirements 10.49(A)

Parole

Criminal

Naturalization Bar 8.21

Shortening 8.37

Immigration

Admit Deported Clients Into U.S. 11.29

Petty Offense Exception 8.8, 8.11

Effect Of Reducing Felony To Misdemeanor 9.5(B)

Elements Of 9.5(A), 9.13(A)

Immigration Effects Of 8.8, 9.13(B)

Adjustment Of Status 9.13(B)(5)

Admissibility 9.13(B)(1)

Cancellation For LPRs 9.13(B)(2)

Cancellation For Non-LPRs 9.13(B)(3)

Good Moral Character 8.20, 9.13(B)(4)

Naturalized Citizenship 9.13(B)(6)

Registry 9.13(B)(7)

Suspension Of Deportation 9.13(B)(8)

Violence Against Women Act Relief 9.13(B)(9)

Voluntary Departure At End Of Proceedings 9.13(B)(10)

Reduction Of Maximum Sentence 9.13

Sentence Imposed Requirement 8.4(7), 8.10

Specific Immigration Contexts 8.12

Plea Bargaining 12.26 see also Negotiations

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(5)

Political Asylum 4.21(A)(3)

Disqualification For Particularly Serious Felony 9.7(C)(3)

Post-Conviction Counsel

Finding 11.33

Post-Conviction Relief

California Time Limits 3.28

Choice Of Vehicle 5.12

Immigration Effect 5.12(1)

Eligibility 5.12(2)

Grounds For Relief 5.12(3)

Equities 5.12(4)

Collateral Attack On Vacatur In Immigration Court 6.11(4), 6.13

Counsel's Tasks 1.2

Effective Order 6.4

Ground Of Invalidity 6.6

IIRAIRA Effect 6.7

Goal 5.12

Reduction Of Custody 5.15

Reduction Of Felony 5.16

Reduction Of Sentence 5.14

Rehabilitative Relief 5.17

Vacating Conviction 5.13

Immigration Effects 6.4

Conviction, Vacating 5.13, 6.4-6.6

Custody Time, Reduction 5.15

Humanitarian Grounds 6.11

Level Of Offense, Reduction 5.16

Sentence, Reduction 5.14

State Rehabilitative Relief 5.17, 6.11

Jurisdiction To Vacate Conviction 6.14

Mootness 11.22

Order Vacating Conviction

Certified Copies 12.3

Overview 6.3

Presence Of Client At Hearing 11.27

After Illegal Reentry 11.30

Immigration Custody 11.28

Reopening Removal Proceedings 6.9

Timing 3.23, 4.3

After Deportation 11.21, 11.23

Vehicles For Relief, Choice Of 5.12

Post-Conviction Relief From Sentence

Commutation Or Correction Of Sentence 8.34

Coram Nobis Petition 8.32

Direct Appeal From Sentence 8.29

Habeas Corpus 8.30

Motion To Correct Void Sentence 8.33

Motion To Shorten Probation 8.35

Driving Under the Influence Cases 8.36

Post-Conviction Relief From Sentence (cont’d)

Commutation Or Correction Of Sentence (cont’d)

Procedure 8.35(B)

Non-Statutory Motion To Vacate Sentence 8.31

Vehicles Overview 8.28

Post-Traumatic Stress 4.7(A)

Probation

Modify, Shorten 8.35, 10.64

Naturalization Bar 8.21

Proposition 36 10.71

Prosecutorial Discretion 11.6

Reasonable Doubt see Rule Of Lenity

Refugees 4.21(A)(3)

Registry 8.12

Good Moral Character 8.20

Petty Offense Exception 9.13(B)(7)

Relief in Immigration Court

Bars To Relief

JRAD Eliminates Conviction 10.32(C)

Uncharged Convictions 2.4(B)

Discretionary Decisions 2.4(C)

Remedy

Right To 6.46

Removal Proceedings

Burden Of Proof 2.7(D)

Deportability 2.7(D)(1)

Inadmissibility 2.7(D)(2)

Relief 2.7(D)(3)

Continuance To Obtain Post-Conviction Relief 3.35,4.3,10.14, 10.24

Hearings see Removal Hearings

Motion To Reconsider 2.10(B)

Motion To Reopen 2.10(A)

Removal Hearings

Evidence 2.7(F)

In Absentia 2.7(C)

Removal Hearings (cont’d)

Individual 2.7(B)

Master Calendar 2.7(A)

Merits 2.7(B)

Motion To Reopen

Time Limit 3.35

Timing 2.5

Restriction On Removal see Withholding Of Removal

Retroactivity Analysis 5.11

Rule Of Lenity 11.9

Sentence

Conviction, Effect Of Vacatur On Sentence 8.24

Effective Order Reducing 8.23

Federal Sentence

Motion To Vacate 3.25

Time Limit 3.25

Grounds To Vacate

IAC For Failure To Seek JRAD 10.39

Immigration Consequences 8.2

Actual Confinement 8.17 ff

Adjustment Of Status,

Aggravated Felony 8.6(A)

Generally 8.5

List Of Qualifying Offenses 8.8

Rule 8.7

Aggregate Sentences Of Five Years or More 8.11

Character 8.14

Length Of Confinement 8.17

212(c) Waiver Eligibility 8.18

Good Moral Character 8.20

Dependent Upon, List 8.20

Maximum Sentence,

Immigration Effects 9.13

Most Recent Sentence Controls 9.3

Reduction Of 9.12-9.14

Single CMT 9.14

Modification Order 8.26

Rehabilitative Order 8.27

Sentence (cont’d)

One-Year Sentence Imposed 8.5(A)

Petty Offense Exception 8.4(7), 8.6(B), 8.11

Plea Bargain Mandatory Term 8.26

Post-Conviction Relief

Appeal 8.29

Habeas Corpus 8.30

Probation

Motion To Shorten 10.64

Reduction Below One Year 8.9

Sentence Imposed 8.3

Concurrent Sentences 8.4(6)

Deferred Entry Of Judgment 8.4(5)

Execution Suspended 8.4(3)

Misdemeanor 8.4(4)

Ordered By Court 8.4(1)

Probation Duration 8.4(2)

Probation Violation Sentences 8.4(7)

Rehabilitative Programs 8.4(5)

Timing

After Criminal Records Purged 10.66

After New Charges 10.65

Vacatur Of Sentence As Legally Invalid 8.25

Severance Of Defendants 3.16

State Advisal Statute

Legislative Purpose 11.5

State Rehabilitative Relief To Reduce 8.27

Deferred Entry Of Judgment 10.71

Definition 10.1(A)(1)

Discretionary Decision Factor 10.21

Drug Diversion 12.15, 12.19

Expungements

Excluded Offenses 10.52(B)

Felonies With Probation 10.52-10.58

Mandatory Expungement

Early Termination Of Probation 10.53

Successful Completion Of Probation 10.54

State Rehabilitative Relief To Reduce (cont’d)

Early Termination Of Probation (cont’d)

Marijuana Arrest Record Destruction 10.73-10.75

Misdemeanors

Overview 1.4(A)

Probation Cases 10.52-10.58

Procedure 10.56

Court 10.58

Probation Department 10.57

Proposition 36 10.71

Time Limit 3.32

With Probation 10.52-10.58

Without Probation 10.60

Youthful Offenders 10.72

Federal Criminal Cases

Effect 10.3(C)

Federal First Offender Act Analogues

Differences From FFOA 10.15

Qualifying Offenses 10.4, 10.16

Grounds To Vacate

Counsel, Right To 8.42

Due Process Rights in 8.41

Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, General 8.45

Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, Related 8.45

JRAD 8.51

Jurisdictional Defects 8.39

Immigration Effects 6.11-6.12, 10.1, 10.2

History 10.3(B)

Ineffective To Eliminate Conviction 10.3(A)

Ninth Circuit, Limitation To 10.19

Circuits Other Than Ninth Circuit 10.20

Overview 1.4

Procedures 10.1(B)

Prop. 36 Dismissal 10.71

Record Of Conviction 8.22

State Rehabilitative Relief To Reduce (cont’d)

Reduction To Misdemeanor 1.4(B)

Time Limit 3.33

State Advisal Statutes

Grounds, General 6.49

Immigration Consequences Of Relief From 6.8

Procedure 6.52-6.55

Evidence 6.54-6.55

Proof Of Citizenship 6.56

Timeliness 6.51

Vehicle, Proper 6.50

State Rehabilitative Relief

Deferred Entry Of Judgment 10.71

Effectiveness Of Order 10.3-10.4

Distribution Of Marijuana, Gratuitous 10.4

First Time Simple Possession and Other Drug Offenses 10.4, 10.18

Other Offenses 10.3

Eligibility 10.5

Equal Protection 10.4

Federal First Offender

Application Outside Ninth Circuit 10.19-10.20

Act First Time Simple Possession 10.4

Effect, Legal 10.4-10.5

Eligibility 10.5

Generally 10.3

Immigration Effects 10.2

Infraction 10.61

Marijuana Arrest Record 10.73

Misdemeanor Probation 10.60

Multiple Simultaneous Qualifying Convictions 10.12

Ninth Circuit, Within 10.19

Previous Rehabilitative Relief 10.8

Prior Drug Convictions 10.6, 10.10

State Rehabilitative Relief (cont’d)

Federal First Offender Act (cont’d)

Prior Drug Convictions 10.6, 10.10

Procedure 10.17, 10.56

Mandatory

State Analogs 10.16

Qualifying Offenses 10.16

Qualifying Types Of Relief 10.7, 10.15

Early Termination 10.53

Successful Candidate 10.54

Qualifying Offenses 10.16

Qualifying Types Of Relief 10.7, 10.15

Rehabilitation, Expungement as Evidence Of 10.21

State Analogs 10.16

Travel Warning 10.19

Youthful Offender Statutes 10.72

Strategy 10.62

Timing

BIA Appeal 10.25

Continuance Of Removal Proceedings 10.24

Conviction, Avoidance Of Final 10.27

Expediting Expungement 10.28

Expungement 3.32

Motion To Reduce 3.33

Motion To Vacate – Nonstatutory 3.29

Motion To Vacate – Statutory 3.31

Protecting Client Before Relief Granted 10.22

Travel Warning 10.19

Statute Of Limitations 12.10

Habeas Under AEDPA 6.26

Suspended Sentence 8.4

Suspension Of Deportation

Good Moral Character 8.20

Petty Offense Exception 8.12, 9.13(B)(8)

Temporary Protected Status

Disqualification For Felony 9.7(C)(5)

Disqualification For Two Misdemeanors 9.8(B)

Travel Warning 10.19

Trial Defenses

Cultural Issues 4.59(D)(6)

Undocumented Immigrant 4.21(A)(4)

Vacatur see Post-Conviction Relief, Order Vacating Conviction

Vindictive Prosecution 12.7

Violence Against Women Act

Good Moral Character 8.20

Petty Offense Exception 8.12, 9.13(B)(9)

Voluntary Departure at End Of Proceedings

Good Moral Character 8.20

JRAD, Effect Of 10.32(B)

Petty Offense Exception 9.13(B)(10)

Waiver Of Constitutional Rights

Presumption Against 7.34

Known Right 7.34

Withholding Of Removal

Aggregate Sentences Of Five Years 8.6(E), 8.15

Disqualification For Particularly Serious Crime 9.7(C)(3)

Particularly Serious Crime 8.15

Youthful Offenders

State Rehabilitative Relief 10.72