Criminal Defense of Immigrants

Chapter

§4.1 I. Introduction
§4.2 II. Right to an Interpreter in Criminal Proceedings
§4.3 A. In General
§4.4 B. Importance of Accurate Interpretation
§4.5 III. Nature of Language Interpretation
§4.6 A. Types of Oral Interpretation
§4.7 B. Written Translation
§4.8 C. Functions of an Interpreter
§4.9 1. Defense Interpreter
§4.10 2. Proceedings Interpreter
§4.11 3. Witness Interpreter
§4.12 4. Separate Interpreters
§4.13 IV. Counsel's Role
§4.14 A. Counsel's Duty to Obtain an Interpreter
§4.15 1. In General
§4.16 2. Assessing the Need for an Intepreter
§4.17 3. Finding an Interpreter
§4.18 4. Selecting an Interpreter
§4.19 B. Qualifications of Interpreter
§4.20 1. Language and Dialect
§4.21 2. Competence and Certification
§4.22 3. Literacy
§4.23 4. Bias and Conflict of Interest
§4.24 C. Preparation of Interpreter
§4.25 D. Supervision of Interpreter
§4.26 E. Making a Record
§4.27 1. Factual Record
§4.28 2. Duty to Object
§4.29 V. Interpreter's Role
§4.30 A. Single Role
§4.31 B. Ethics
§4.32 C. Interpreter as Witness
§4.33 1. Attorney-Client Privilege
§4.34 2. Preventing Testimony Against Client
§4.35 VI. Court's Role
§4.36 A. Right to Interpreter
§4.37 B. Duty to Provide Interpreter
§4.38 C. Qualifying Interpreter in Court
§4.39 D. Violations of Right to Interpreter
§4.40 VII. Appellate Proceedings
§4.41 A. Standard of Review on Appeal
§4.42 B. Providing an Interpreter on Appeal

§ 4.32 C. Interpreter as Witness

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The propriety of an interpreter serving as a witness in a criminal proceedings in which s/he has served as an interpreter is very much open to question. See § 4.34, infra. If the interpreter has served as a defense interpreter, s/he has been part of the defense team, and is subject to the attorney-client privilege. See § 4.33, infra.