United States v. Avery, 719 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. Jun. 18, 2013) (A defendant has procedurally defaulted a claim by failing to raise it on direct review, [and] the claim may be raised in habeas only if the defendant can first demonstrate either cause and actual prejudice or that he is actually innocent. Bousley v. United States, 523 U.S. 614, 622, 118 S.Ct. 1604, 140 L.Ed.2d 828 (1998) (citations omitted). Actual innocence is an equitable remedy that permits a petitioner to obtain collateral review of a procedurally defaulted claim. Schlup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298, 327, 115 S.Ct. 851, 130 L.Ed.2d 808 (1995). To invoke the actual innocence exception, Avery must show that in light of all of the evidence, it is more likely than not that no reasonable juror would have found [him] guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. In this context, actual innocence means factual innocence, not mere legal insufficiency. Bousley, 523 U.S. at 623, 118 S.Ct. 1604 (internal quotation marks omitted).).