United States v. Treadwell, 593 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2010) (wire fraud convictions under 18 U.S.C. 1343 do not require an intent to cause pecuniary loss, but only intentional, permanent or temporary, deprivation to the victims of the opportunity to decide for themselves, on the basis of true and accurate information, whether or not to invest; one can intend to "deprive" a victim of property within the meaning of the statute without intending to cause pecuniary loss; one can intentionally "deprive" another of property while at the same time intending to restore it at a later date), citing United States v. Oren, 893 F.2d 1057, 1061 (9th Cir.1990) (fraud without intent to cause pecuniary loss); United States v. Benny, 786 F.2d 1410 (9th Cir.1986) (temporary deprivation).