Ashton v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 95 (9th Cir. Dec. 7, 2005) (forming of subjective intention to remain in United States does not satisfy statutory requirement that a noncitizen he "begin to reside permanently in the United States" while under age of 18 following a parents naturalization; must show applicant held lawful permanent resident status).
jurisdiction:
Ninth Circuit