Altamirano v. Gonzales, ___ F.3d ___, 2005 WL 2839982 (9th Cir. Oct. 31, 2005) (mere presence in vehicle at port of entry does not constitute alien smuggling under INA 212(a)(6)(E)(i), 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(6)(E)(i), even if the individual has knowledge that an alien was hiding in the trunk of the vehicle; simple knowledge encouraging, inducing, assisting, abetting, or aiding is insufficient). See also, Tapucu v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 736, 740-42 (6th Cir. 2005) (some affirmative act required).
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/9th/0370737p.pdf