Ortega-Mendez v. Gonzales, ___ F.3d ___, 2006 WL 1642755 (9th Cir. Jun. 15, 2006) (California misdemeanor conviction of battery, in violation of Penal Code Penal Code 242 is not categorically a "crime of violence" within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. 16(a), because the "force or violence" element requires neither force capable of hurting or causing injury nor violence in the usual sense of the term since the least touching suffices), implicitly overruling United States v. Robinson, 967 F.2d 287 (9th Cir. 1992)(simple battery is crime of violence under USSG U .S.S.G. 4B1.1 (1989), since contrary higher authorities were later decided, e.g., United States v. Corona-Sanchez, 291 F.3d 1201, 1203 (9th Cir.2002) (en banc), and United States v. Rivera-Sanchez, 247 F.3d 905, 908-09 (9th Cir.2001) (en banc), and Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1, 11 (2004).
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/9th/0374711p.pdf



On August 30, 2006, the government filed a petition for rehearing in Ortega-Mendez v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2006).