Updates to criminal defense

POST CON RELIEF - STATE REHABILITATIVE RELIEF - LOPEZ STRENGTHENS ARGUMENT THAT STATE REHABILITATIVE RELIEF ANALOGOUS TO THE FEDERAL FIRST OFFENDER ACT ELIMINATES QUALIFYING CONVICTIONS FOR IMMIGRATION PURPOSES

United States v. Norbury, 492 F.3d 1012, ___ (9th Cir. Jun. 25, 2007) (determination of whether current controlled substances offense was committed after a prior conviction for a felony drug offense has become final, so as to enhance federal sentence under 21 U.S.C.

jurisdiction: 
Ninth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - BURGLARY

United States v. Herrera-Montes, 490 F.3d 390 (5th Cir. Jun. 25, 2007) (Tennessee conviction of burglary of a dwelling, in violation of Tenn. Code Ann. 39-14-403, is not categorically a "crime of violence" for illegal re-entry sentencing purposes, since the statute of conviction punishes burglary where the intent to commit the crime was not formed until after the actor unlawfully enters or remains in a dwelling).

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

SENTENCE - FEDERAL - DISTRICT COURT HAS NO AUTHORITY TO "TOLL" PERIOD OF SUPERVISED RELEASE WHILE DEFENDANT IS OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES

United States v. Ossa-Gallegos, 491 F.3d 537 (6th Cir. Jun. 21, 2007) (courts do not have authority under 18 U.S.C. 3583(d) to issue special "conditions" of supervised release which toll the period for which deported aliens are subject to supervised release).

jurisdiction: 
Sixth Circuit

JUDICIAL REVIEW - BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS

Chhetry v. US Dep't of Justice, 490 F.3d 196 (2d Cir. Jun. 20, 2007) (BIA may not take administrative notice of facts without affording other party to rebut the inferences drawn from those facts).

jurisdiction: 
Second Circuit

POST CON RELIEF - STATE REHABILITATIVE RELIEF - FEDERAL FIRST OFFENDER ACT - CONVICTION EXCLUDES EXPUNGEMENTS

Gradiz v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1206, ___, (10th Cir. Jun. 20, 2007) ("[T]he First Offender Act, 18 U.S.C. 3607, permits the expungement of first-time simple drug-possession offenses for all purposes, including immigration adjudications. As the Ninth Circuit noted in Lujan-Armendariz, there is no reason to suppose that Congress repealed the First Offender Act sub silentio. It thus makes sense to read the 1101(a)(48)(a) definition to exclude expungements.").

jurisdiction: 
Tenth Circuit

POST CON RELIEF - STATE REHABILITATIVE RELIEF - WYOMING DEFERRED ENTRY OF PLEA AND SENTENCE NOT EQUIVALENT TO FEDERAL FIRST OFFENDER ACT EXPUNGEMENT

Gradiz v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1206, ___, (10th Cir. Jun. 20, 2007) (Wyoming deferred entry of plea and sentence, under Wyo. Stat. 7-13-301 ("Without entering a judgment of guilt or conviction, [the court may] defer further proceedings and place the person on probation for a term not to exceed five (5) years."), was not equivalent to expungement under Federal First Offender Act, 18 U.S.C. 3607, for purposes of avoiding a conviction under INA 101(a)(48)(A), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(48)(A) for immigration purposes).

jurisdiction: 
Tenth Circuit

JUVENILES - UNACCOMPANIED MINORS - IMMIGRATION PROCEEDINGS

On May 22, 2007, the EOIR issued new guidelines on the appearance of unaccompanied minors in the immigration courts:
http://www.usdoj.gov/eoir/efoia/ocij/oppm07/07-01.pdf

jurisdiction: 
Other

AGGRAVATED FELONY - CRIME OF VIOLENCE - BURGLARY

United States v. Davis, 487 F.3d 282 (5th Cir. May 17, 2007) (Texas robbery conviction, in violation of Penal Code 29.02(a), is a crime of violence for purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act).

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

CRIME OF MORAL TURPITUDE - DRIVING OFFENSES - HIT AND RUN

Garcia-Maldonado v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. Jun. 29, 2007) (Texas conviction of failure to stop and render aid under Texas Transportation Code 550.021 is a CMT for immigration purposes; "subsection of section 550.21 that criminalizes failure to render aid proscribes behavior that runs contrary to accepted societal duties.")



NOTE: The statute of conviction does not require any intent. The court seems to imply a knowledge element, but does not cite any statutory language or cases that require knowledge.

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

CONVICTION - FINALITY

Garcia-Maldonado v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. Jun. 29, 2007) (even if the conviction is on direct appeal, the conviction remained a conviction for immigration purposes under Fifth Circuit controlling precedent), following Discipio v. Ashcroft, 369 F.3d 472 (5th Cir. 2004), vacated on denial of rehearing en banc by Discipio v. Ashcroft, 417 F.3d 448 (5th Cir. 2005).

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

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