Updates to criminal defense

AGGRAVATED FELONY - CRIME OF VIOLENCE - RAPE

United States v. Gomez-Gomez, 493 F.3d 562 (5th Cir. Jul. 20, 2007) (California conviction for forcible rape, in violation of California Penal Code 261 (1990), is not necessarily a crime of violence for illegal re-entry sentencing purposes, since "[a] subsection of that statute defines duress as a direct or implied threat of force, violence, danger, hardship, or retribution sufficient to coerce a reasonable person of ordinary susceptibilities to perform an act which otherwise would not have been performed, or acquiesce in an act to which one otherwise would not have submitted. Id.

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

FIREARMS OFFENSES - SPORTING EXCEPTION REJECTED

Awad v. Gonzales, __ F.3d __, 2007 WL 2067857 (8th Cir. Jul. 20, 2007) (Minnesota misdemeanor conviction for transportation of a loaded firearm, in violation of Minnesota Statute 97B.045, constituted a deportable firearms offense under INA 237(a)(2)(C); court rejected argument that offense fit within sporting exception under 18 U.S.C. 921(a); the sporting exception applies only to "destructive devices," as defined by 18 U.S.C. 921(a)(4), not firearms under 18 U.S.C. 921(a)(3)), disagreeing with Lemus-Rodriguez v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 652 (7th Cir. 2003).

jurisdiction: 
Eighth Circuit

IMMIGRATION CONSEQUENCES - NEW YORK DEFERRED ADJUDICATION

The New York City Bar Association issued a report calling for more pre-plea/deferred prosecution diversion programs (as opposed to deferred adjudication programs that require an upfront guilty plea and thus often leave immigrants deportable), since immigrants should have meaningful access to alternatives to incarceration that can also operate as alternatives to deportation. See http://www.nycbar.org/pdf/report/Immigration_Consequences_Report.pdf).

jurisdiction: 
Other

BIBLIOGRAPHY - DETENTION - CONSULAR OFFICE

A Jailhouse Lawyer's Manual: Immigration and Consular Access
Columbia Human Rights Law Review, 2007
http://www.bibdaily.com/pdfs/Immigration%20and%20Consular%20Access%20Sup...

jurisdiction: 
Other

SENTENCING CONTEXT - DRUG TRAFFICKING - POSSESSION

United States v. Gutierrez-Bautista, __ F.3d __, 2007 WL 2153214 (5th Cir. Jul. 27, 2007) (Georgia conviction for violation of Ga.Code Ann.

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

REMOVAL - ENFORCEABILITY OF FEDERAL PROSECUTOR'S PROMISE NOT TO DEPORT

Morgan v. Gonzales, __ F.3d __, 2007 WL 2127707 (9th Cir. Jul. 26, 2007) (United States is not estopped from removing an aggravated felon based on governments alleged agreement not to deport him in exchange for his cooperation in a federal drug prosecution where there was no claim that an official having the authority to do so made a specific promise of such relief).

jurisdiction: 
Ninth Circuit

EXPUNGEMENT - FALSE STATEMENT FOR IMMIGRATION BENEFIT

Szpak v. DHS, __ F.Supp.2d __, 2007 WL 2128366 (E.D.N.Y. Jul. 25, 2007) (the fact that applicant stated that he had not been arrested [after prior indication that he had] was not an intentional misstatement to the government where applicant could have believed that the expungement of the records of those arrests meant that he could state to the government that he had no longer been arrested).
http://bibdaily.com/pdfs/Szpak%207-25-07.pdf

jurisdiction: 
Lower Courts of Second Circuit

GOOD MORAL CHARACTER - DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Szpak v. DHS, __ F.Supp.2d __, 2007 WL 2128366 (E.D.N.Y. Jul. 25, 2007) (domestic violence arrests 10 years prior to naturalization application do not bar a showing of good moral character where applicant has demonstrated rehabilitation).

jurisdiction: 
Lower Courts of Second Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - DRUG TRAFFICKING - POSSESSION

United States v. Figueroa-Ocampo, __ F.3d __, 2007 WL 2104787 (9th Cir. July 24, 2007) (under the Supreme Court's recent decision in Lopez v. Gonzales, 127 S. Ct. 625 (2006), simple possession cannot be treated as an aggravated felony for sentencing purposes unless possession of the particular drug would be a felony if prosecuted under federal law).

jurisdiction: 
Ninth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - BURGLARY

United States v. Grisel, 488 F.3d 844 (9th Cir. Jun. 5, 2007) (en banc) (Oregon conviction of second-degree burglary, in violation of Or.Rev.Stat. 164.215(1), is not a categorical burglary for purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. 924(e)(1), to apply a sentence enhancement requiring a minimum of 180 months in prison, because it encompasses burglary of non-buildings, and therefore falls outside the federal definition of generic burglary), overruling United States v. Cunningham, 911 F.2d 361 (9th Cir.

jurisdiction: 
Ninth Circuit

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