Bovkun v. Ashcroft, 283 F.3d 166
(3d Cir. Mar. 8, 2002) (Pennsylvania misdemeanor conviction
of making terroristic threats, in violation of 18 Pa. Cons.Stat.
§ 2706 (1998), qualified as a "crime of violence"
under INA § 101(a)(43)(F), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)(F), for
immigration purposes, since the maximum of the indeterminate
11- to 23-month sentence imposed was one year or more).

United States v. Acuna-Cuadros,
385 F.3d 875 (5th Cir. Sept. 21, 2004) (per curiam) (Texas
conviction for retaliation, in violation of Tex. Penal Code
§ 36.06 (1995), penalizing one who "knowingly harms or
threatens to harm another by an unlawful act," did not
qualify as "crime of violence" supporting 16-level
enhancement under U.S.S.G.

United States v. Martinez-Paramo,
380 F.3d 799 (5th Cir. Aug. 4, 2004) (Pennsylvania conviction
for terroristic threats, in violation of 18 Pa. Cons. Stat.
§ 2706(a) (2003), was not established to be a crime of violence,
under U.S.S.G.

United States v. Landeros-Arreola, 260
F.3d 407 (5th Cir.

Szucz-Toldy v. Gonzalez, 400 F.3d 978
(7th Cir. Mar.

United States v. Ladwig,
432 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. Dec. 27, 2005) (Washington felony
conviction for making harassing telephone call under R.C.W.
§ 9.61.230(3)(b), is a "violent felony" predicate
offense under the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C.

Singh v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1228 (9th
Cir. Oct. 21, 2004) (Oregon conviction under Or. Rev. Stat.

Perez v. Greiner, 296 F.3d 123, 126 n.5 (2d
Cir. July 19, 2002) (New York conviction for second degree
robbery in violation of N.Y. Penal L. § 160.10(1), is an "aggravated
felony" under INA § 101(a)(43)(G), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)(G)).

United States v. Fernandez-Antonia, 278 F.3d 150
(2d Cir. Jan. 29, 2002) (New York conviction for attempted
robbery in the third degree, in violation of N.Y. Penal Law
§ 110.00, met the definition of "aggravated felony"
under INA § 101(a)(43)(U), 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(43)(U), for
purposes of illegal re-entry sentence enhancement under U.S.S.G.

United States v. Valladares, 304 F.3d
1300 (8th Cir. Sept. 26, 2002) (California conviction for
second-degree robbery under Penal Code § 211 constituted an
aggravated felony within meaning of version of Sentencing
Guidelines in effect at time of defendants current offense,
so that application of amended guideline, which provided for
the same increase, did not violate the Ex Post Facto clause).