Updates to criminal defense

AGGRAVATED FELONY - DRUG TRAFFICKING - DELIVERY OF A CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE

United States v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 712 (5th Cir. 2007) (Texas conviction for delivery of a controlled substance, in violation of V.T.C.A., Health & Safety Code 481.112, was not a drug-trafficking offense for illegal re-entry sentence enhancement purposes, since the definition of "deliver" includes solicitation, and solicitation is not included as a non-substantive offense that can trigger a sentence enhancement under the 2004 version of U.S.S.G. 2L1.2).

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - CRIME OF VIOLENCE - SENTENCING CONTEXT - COMMON SENSE VS. CATEGORICAL APPROACH

United States v. Mungia-Portillo, 484 F.3d 813, 816 (5th Cir. Apr. 17, 2007) ("In deciding whether a prior statute of conviction qualifies as a crime of violence, this court has alternatively employed (1) a "common sense approach," defining the offense according to its "ordinary, contemporary, [and] common meaning," or (2) a "categorical approach," defining the offense according to a "generic, contemporary definition." Compare United States v. Izaguirre-Flores, 405 F.3d 270, 273-74 (5th Cir.2005), with United States v.

jurisdiction: 
Fourth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - FIREARMS OFFENSE - CLAIM OF SPORTING USE EXCEPTION REJECTED

Alvarado v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 535 (8th Cir. April 17, 2007) (per curiam) (federal conviction of possession of firearms and ammunition by an unlawful user of a controlled substance, under 18 U.S.C. 922(g)(3), constituted aggravated felony firearms conviction, for purposes of removal and cancellation of removal, despite the alleged sporting purpose of the guns at issue).

jurisdiction: 
Eighth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - CRIME OF VIOLENCE - JOYRIDING

Brieva-Perez v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 356 (5th Cir. Mar 19, 2007) (Texas violation of Penal Code 31.07(a), unauthorized use of a vehicle is a "crime of violence" and thus an "aggravated felony").

jurisdiction: 
Fifth Circuit

GOOD MORAL CHARACTER - UNDERPAYMENT OF INCOME TAXES

Matter of Locicero, 11 I&N Dec. 805 (BIA 1966) (an individual who had knowingly provided fraudulent information on his income tax returns for two years, by underreporting, was not a person of good moral character).

Note: The Board has found that failure to file tax returns is not necessarily a bar to good moral character, citing Matter of T, 1 I&N Dec. 158 (BIA 1941), Matter of Carbajal, Int. Dec. 2765 (Comm. 1978). Thanks to
Susan Compernolle.

jurisdiction: 
BIA

CITIZENSHIP - PROOF OF - CENSUS INFORMATION

United States Citizenship may be sometimes proven by showing a child appeared on a U.S. census in the United States shortly after birth. Contact US Census Bureau.
Thanks to Mary Lee Eldridge

jurisdiction: 
Other

AGGRAVATED FELONY - DRUG TRAFFICKING -- TRAFFICKING ELEMENT

De La Cruz v. Maurer, 483 F.3d 1013 (10th Cir. April 3, 2007) (court failed to reach claim that Utah misdemeanor conviction of possession of a controlled substance did not constitute a controlled substance offense, under INA 237(a)(2)(B)(i), 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)(B)(i), by analogy to the Sentencing Guidelines' definition requiring a trafficking element, because this specific claim had not been exhausted before the BIA), citing Salinas v. United States, 547 U.S.

jurisdiction: 
Tenth Circuit

AGGRAVATED FELONY - BURGLARY - DISTINCTION BETWEEN ARMED CAREER CRIMINAL ACT AND ILLEGAL REENTRY SENTENCE ENHANCEMENT

James v. United States, 550 U.S. ___, 127 S.Ct. 1586 (April 18, 2007) (Florida conviction for attempted burglary of a dwelling qualifies as a violent felony for the purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C 924(2)(B)(ii), under the residual provision in 18 U.S.C. 924(2)(B)(ii), as an offense that "otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another.")

jurisdiction: 
US Supreme Ct

AGGRAVATED FELONIES - DRUG TRAFFICKING - POSSESSION - SECOND POSSESSION

For those litigating challenges to drug aggravated felony charges post-Lopez, the NYSDA Immigrant Defense Project has updated its "Practice Advisory: Removal Defense of Immigrants in Drug Possession Cases - The Impact of Lopez v. Gonzales." http://www.nysda.org/idp/docs/07_PostLopezAdvisoryforRemovalDefense41207.... Also available on the IDP website are copies of amicus briefs addressing post-Lopez issues filed before the Board of Immigration Appeals and before the Second, Fifth, and Eleventh Circuits. http://www.nysda.org/idp/webPages/drugLitigationInit.htm
Thanks to Manny Vargas.

jurisdiction: 
Other

AGGRAVATED FELONY - EFFECTIVE DATE - ILLEGAL REENTRY - SENTENCE - AGGRAVATED FELONY CONVICTIONS TRIGGER SENTENCE ENHANCEMENT REGARDLESS OF DATE OF CONVICTION

United States v. Olmos-Esparza, 484 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. April 24, 2007) (district court did not err by considering convictions from 1972 and 1976 in calculating illegal reentry sentencing enhancements under USSG 2L1.2), (USSG 2L1.2 contains no time limitation on the age of convictions for purposes of calculating sentencing enhancements); accord, United States v. Torres-Duenas, 461 F.3d 1178, 1181-82 (10th Cir.2006), petition for cert. filed November 22, 2006 (No. 06-7990); United States v. Camacho-Ibarquen, 410 F.3d 1307, 1312-13 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 126 S.Ct. 457 (2005).

jurisdiction: 
Ninth Circuit

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